The Qin (221–206 BCE) and Han (206 BCE–220 CE) dynasties established the foundational aesthetics of Hanfu, integrating rigid structure, symbolic colors, and hierarchical design to reflect imperial authority and Confucian values. This era defined Hanfu as a visual language of power, ritual, and social order.
Silhouette and Structure
Qin-Han Hanfu emphasized formal symmetry and layered construction. The iconic shenyi (深衣), a one-piece robe wrapping the body, became the quintessential garment for all classes. It featured a crossed collar (交领 jiaoling), wide sleeves (大袖 daxiu), and a wrapped skirt secured with a fabric belt. The quju (曲裾) style—with curved front panels winding around the body—exemplified elegance and modesty, while the zhiju (直裾) with straight panels offered simpler functionality.
Fabrics and Colors
Social status dictated materials: elites wore silk embroidered with mythical motifs (dragons, phoenixes), while commoners used hemp or coarse linen. Color symbolism was strict: red (fire/vitality) and black (water/power) dominated royal robes, as seen in the Qin preference for black imperial garments. Han officials adopted color-coded rank systems—e.g., green for low ranks, purple for high officials—reinforcing Confucian hierarchy.
Gender Distinctions and Accessories
Women’s attire included ruqun (襦裙), a blouse-and-skirt combination with high waists and flowing lines, while men wore pao (袍, long robes) or short jackets (襦 ru). Accessories like jade pendants (象征君子 xiàngzhēng jūnzǐ), lined hats (冠 guan), and embroidered shoes (绣花鞋 xiuhuaxie) denoted rank and virtue. Hairstyles were equally regulated: men coiled hair into topknots under hats, women adorned buns with gold or jade pins.
Cultural and Ritual Significance
Hanfu served as a tool for state governance. The Han dynasty’s "Sumptuary Laws" dictated clothing materials, colors, and designs to enforce social order. Ritual garments like the mianfu (冕服)—a multi-layered ceremonial robe with symbolic patterns—were reserved for worship and imperial ceremonies, embodying the mandate of heaven.
Cultural and Ritual Significance
Hanfu served as a tool for state governance. The Han dynasty’s "Sumptuary Laws" dictated clothing materials, colors, and designs to enforce social order. Ritual garments like the mianfu (冕服)—a multi-layered ceremonial robe with symbolic patterns—were reserved for worship and imperial ceremonies, embodying the mandate of heaven.
Modern Legacy
Qin-Han Hanfu’s influence endures in modern adaptations: tailored silhouettes, deep sleeves, and neutral palettes pay homage to its disciplined elegance. Historical dramas and cultural revivals continue to draw inspiration from its authoritative grace.
